Kidney disease: renal failure and kidney disease

In this article you will find extensive information about kidney disease, its causes, types and symptoms as well as a recommended diet that includes what foods to avoid in kidney disease and what foods you should consume.

What is kidney failure

Kidney failure is the inability of the kidneys to filter urine. It may be acute with a short duration of time or chronic, in which case the patient will require a transplant or dialysis for your kidneys to filter waste from the body.

Acute kidney failure

It is a type of kidney disease begins abruptly, kidneys can recover its normal situation within a period of time.

Causes of acute renal failure

It may be due to different causes:

• Disorders that compromise renal function as glomerulonephritis, tubular necrosis or acute pyelonephritis;
• Obstruction which compromises the flow of urine and its elimination as prostate problems, bladder and kidney stones;
• Ttrauma and shock, falls, accidents that cause acute renal failure.

Symptoms of acute renal failure

Symptoms of acute renal failure are little or not urinate urination, fluid retention and edema with increased urea and creatinine

Chronic renal failure

In this case, it is a progressive and irreversible destruction which kidney cells are destroyed and kidney function and endocrine functions of the kidneys is impaired.

Causes of chronic renal failure

The main causes of chronic kidney failure are diabetes, hypertensive crisis, kidney stones, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, ingestion of drugs such as analgesics, anti-inflammatory and toxic products.

Obesity, physical inactivity, diabetes and hypertension are risk factors of chronic renal failure.

Symptoms of chronic renal failure

One of the characteristics of chronic renal failure is the absence of symptoms until their stadiums become very advanced.

Symptoms are polyuria. In advanced stages anemia is deficit erythropoietin, hypertension, by dysregulation of liquid sodium and hormones involved, edema with swollen legs, ocular swelling, insomnia, itchy skin seen dry and irritated, vomiting, headache, sadness, fatigue and weakness.

The evolution of chronic renal failure is irreversible and progresses to complete loss of kidney function requiring dialysis to survive.

Classification of renal diseases

Nephropathies are renal diseases are classified according to their location.

Glomerular

Its symptom is a nephritic or nephrotic syndrome. It is chronic or acute inflammation of the glomerulus.

Primary renal disease

This type of kidney diseases have an immunologic basis. Among them are IgA deficiency, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis and membranoproliferative.

Subacute renal disease

They evolve rapidly to acute renal failure within hours or days. Chronic evolves over the years to failure.

Secondary renal disease

Usually they occur within diabetes mellitus, vasculitis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Tubuloinstersticiales

They are so called because the tubular pathologies eventually affect the interstitium and interstitial end up affecting the tubules. These include:

• Acute infectious tubulointerstitial nephritis or acute pyelonephritis.
• Tubulointerstitial nephritis chronic infectious or chronic pyelonephritis.
• Toxic or drug tubulointerstitial nephritis.
• Tubulointerstitial nephritis induced autoantibodies.
• Obstructive uropathy.
• Reflujovesicoureteral associated nephropathy.
• Tubulointerstitial nephritis induced by heavy metals.

Tubulopathies

Have little impact and are simple and diabetes insipidus, tubular acidosis or complex if affected more than one mechanism as tubular Fanconi syndrome.

Vascular

In this case, decreased vascular lumen (ischemia and HAS) and complete obstruction or infarction occurs. Vein thrombosis causes hemorrhagic infarction and chronic kidney presents with nephrotic syndrome.

Main renal syndromes

Nephrotic syndrome

Indicates glomerular injury with proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, cholesterol levels above 250 mgs and intense and widespread eyelid edema, legs, lower back and abdominal.

Nephritic syndrome

Characterized by hematuria, proteinuria, acute renal failure happens to seriously altered the vascular wall of the glomerulus. It occurs in glomerulonephritis postinfectious.

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Kidney disease: renal failure and kidney disease

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