The alarming increase in the number of cases worldwide has made the worthy diabetes dubious honor of being considered one of the 'disease of the century'.
What is the diabetes?
Diabetes is a disease due to a partial or total lack of effect of a hormone called insulin and is characterized by elevated glucose (sugar) levels.
There are several types of diabetes, the two most important are:
Diabetes is a disease due to a partial or total lack of effect of a hormone called insulin and is characterized by elevated glucose (sugar) levels.
There are several types of diabetes, the two most important are:
- Type 1 diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes. This type usually occurs in young people.
- Type 2 diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes. This type usually affects middle-aged or older and obese.
Other types of diabetes are also:
Gestational diabetes. It occurs during pregnancy and usually goes away after childbirth. secondary diabetes. It is triggered as a complication of another disease or symptom, as can be inflammation of the pancreas, and also by the use of certain drugs such as corticosteroids (prednisone, cortisone, Urbason) or diuretics.
What is the cause of diabetes?
Diabetes type 1
Gestational diabetes. It occurs during pregnancy and usually goes away after childbirth. secondary diabetes. It is triggered as a complication of another disease or symptom, as can be inflammation of the pancreas, and also by the use of certain drugs such as corticosteroids (prednisone, cortisone, Urbason) or diuretics.
What is the cause of diabetes?
Diabetes type 1
It occurs when the body does not have insulin, a hormone produced in the pancreas that controls the level of glucose in the blood.
Diabetes type 2
Diabetes type 2
It should either insulin production is insufficient for the needs or to the effectiveness thereof is reduced. It is believed that the cause of type 2 diabetes is associated with associated with lifestyle factors developed countries because it is more common among overweight people or among those who do not practice exercise.
Common symptoms of diabetes
When the glucose level in the blood rises, one or more symptoms appear, some of them due to the blood sugar is excreted in the urine. These symptoms are:
When the glucose level in the blood rises, one or more symptoms appear, some of them due to the blood sugar is excreted in the urine. These symptoms are:
- Feeling persistent thirst
- Increase in the amount of urine
- Fatigue
- Weight loss, even though you eat more than usual (especially in type 1 diabetes)
- Increased appetite
- Pruritis (itching), especially in the genital area
- Repeated infections in the skin and vagina; cystitis
Patients with type 1 diabetes usually develop these symptoms within days or weeks. Patients with type 2 diabetes are often asymptomatic (no symptoms) and its diagnosis is made by finding elevated glucose in routine analysis.
Both types of diabetes have a hereditary component, but only ten percent of patients with type 1 diabetes have a family history of diabetes. As for the type 2, the percentage reaches thirty percent. If occurs frequently or habitually any of these symptoms it is important to discuss with your doctor to perform appropriate analysis.
Both types of diabetes have a hereditary component, but only ten percent of patients with type 1 diabetes have a family history of diabetes. As for the type 2, the percentage reaches thirty percent. If occurs frequently or habitually any of these symptoms it is important to discuss with your doctor to perform appropriate analysis.
How the diagnosis is made?
The diagnosis is made by determining glucose levels in blood samples by one or more of the following tests:
Determination isolated glucose
The diagnosis is made by determining glucose levels in blood samples by one or more of the following tests:
Determination isolated glucose
A level greater than 200 mg / dl glucose on two different occasions at any time of day establishes the diagnosis of diabetes.
Determination fasting glucose
A level exceeding 126 mg / dl obtained fasting glucose on two different days is also a diagnosis of diabetes.
Test glucose tolerance or glucose curve. It is determining glucose in blood two hours after ingesting a glucose drink. More than 200 mg / dl value sets the diagnosis of diabetes, whereas a value below 140 mg / dl is normal. However, if the level is between these values, it is possible that glucose intolerance, which is a pre-diabetes suffer step.
Patients with type 2 diabetes also tend to have:
Test glucose tolerance or glucose curve. It is determining glucose in blood two hours after ingesting a glucose drink. More than 200 mg / dl value sets the diagnosis of diabetes, whereas a value below 140 mg / dl is normal. However, if the level is between these values, it is possible that glucose intolerance, which is a pre-diabetes suffer step.
Patients with type 2 diabetes also tend to have:
- Family history of diabetes
- Obesity
- Increased blood pressure (hypertension)
- Blood vessel diseases such as myocardial infarction, cerebral thrombosis or lack of blood in lower limbs
- Elevated triglycerides (a type of fat) in the blood
How is diabetes treated?
Diabetes is essentially two ways:
Diabetes is essentially two ways:
- By eating habits and exercise tailored to the patient's
- With oral medication or insulin injections
In patients with diabetes type 1 or type 2, insulin injections increase the level of the blood and lowers blood sugar.
There are several types of oral medications to treat diabetes Some type 2 increase the amount of insulin produced by the pancreas, others increase the action of insulin in the body and other delaying absorption of glucose.
There are several types of oral medications to treat diabetes Some type 2 increase the amount of insulin produced by the pancreas, others increase the action of insulin in the body and other delaying absorption of glucose.
The treatment of diabetes depends on the characteristics of each patient. This process begins with proper diet and a regular exercise regime. If these measures do not control the blood glucose level is necessary to resort to oral medication in type 2 diabetics, whereas in type 1 diabetics need insulin to manage.
To control your disease is essential to help and supervision of the attending physician and endocrinologist. Do not hesitate to ask for help and advice.
An important aspect of treatment is self-control, by the patient or their family of blood glucose levels. This can be done with a small easy to use device that allows you quantify (in the same household) blood glucose and thereby make adjustments in diet, exercise levels or insulin dose.
Control of diabetes and possible complications
Diabetes and its complications should be monitored by routine checks by the doctor, and regular reviews by the hospital endocrinologist. The aim of surveillance is to ensure that treatment is satisfactory (routine screening) and determine whether there were further complications (annual reviews). Also, the endocrinologist is essential for treatment when diabetes is not controlled satisfactorily with routine measures. Routine checkups every 3-6 months or when decided by your doctor should include the following aspects:
Diabetes and its complications should be monitored by routine checks by the doctor, and regular reviews by the hospital endocrinologist. The aim of surveillance is to ensure that treatment is satisfactory (routine screening) and determine whether there were further complications (annual reviews). Also, the endocrinologist is essential for treatment when diabetes is not controlled satisfactorily with routine measures. Routine checkups every 3-6 months or when decided by your doctor should include the following aspects:
- Blood sample to check the amount of glycated hemoglobin HbA1c.
- Review and evaluation of self-blood glucose by the patient.
- Discussion of questions about diet.
- Assessment figures controlling blood pressure since last visit.
- Weight control.
- Any other test and tests that the doctor deems necessary to control the disease.
Annual reviews
- Blood sample to check the amount of glycated hemoglobin
- Analysis of cholesterol, triglycerides
- Blood tests to determine the amount of creatinine (to assess kidney function) and sodium and potassium
- Urinalysis to determine the presence of albumin in urine
- Foot examination, including palpation of several arterial pulses
- ECG (Electrocardiogram)
- Weight
- Measure the diameter of the waist
- Valuation exercise habits
- Tobacco
- Fundus evaluation by an ophthalmologist to prevent diabetic retinopathy.
Long-term forecasts
Both types of diabetes carry risks of complications Acute complications:
Both types of diabetes carry risks of complications Acute complications:
- Hypoglycemia or excessive lowering of blood sugar. Generally it is caused by drug therapy, insulin or oral hipogluceminates (oral medication)
- Diabetic acidosis, a disorder that requires immediate medical check vital to avoid risks and is caused by lack of insulin.
Long-term complications of diabetes
- Retinopathy, a disease of the retina that can cause blindness.
- Diabetic neuropathy, which can cause changes in sensation, pain, ulcers and foot infections.
- Diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage by diabetes) which may lead to renal failure.
- Arteriosclerosis, particularly in smokers and in people who have high blood pressure.
Long-term complications are not usually develop before 10-15 years in patients with diabetes type I. However, patients with type II diabetes may have symptoms of these complications at diagnosis of diabetes, since it is possible that the latter has not been detected for a long time.
Studies show that good control of diabetes -Maintaining the blood glucose level within ranges of normality can significantly reduce complications and even prevent them from occurring.
Diabetes: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
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